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This method is a variation of the replica rolex seismic refraction method, usually employing a downhole tri-axial geophone and a surface energy source. The energy propagates from the source to the downhole tri-axial geophone, and is then recorded as both p-wave and s-wave.
As downhole geophysics provides detailed layer velocity information, the data is used to evaluate the p-wave and s-wave velocities of the subsurface versus depth. These values are used to help calculate various dynamic moduli for modeling the seismic response of a site, as required for hospitals, schools and other essential structures in California.
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